Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a crop of significant economic and cultural importance, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Its cultivation, however, is frequently challenged by various stress factors, among which plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are recognized as major threats to root health, plant growth, and overall yield. This study reviews the plant-parasitic nematode species reported on olive trees worldwide, highlighting their distribution, biology, and the types of damage they cause. Furthermore, it examines current management strategies, including chemical, biological, and cultural control measures, as well as integrated approaches aimed at sustainable nematode management. By synthesizing global findings, the study underscores the necessity of effective nematode monitoring and control in olive orchards and provides recommendations for future research to support sustainable olive production systems.