Income distribution is an important and current subject of study that is the focus of many sciences and disciplines, especially economics. Income distribution, which has been affected by many dynamics in the historical process, is changing today due to technological developments. The political, economic and social structures of countries are some of the major factors affecting income distribution. Ensuring fairness in the distribution of income has a share in the establishment of both economic development and social peace. From this point of view, this study provides an overview of the income distribution process in Turkey, taking into account the economic, social and political dimensions of income inequality. In the study, firstly, the conceptual framework of income distribution is analyzed. Then, the recent socio-economic and political developments in Turkey are analyzed and their possible effects on income distribution are considered. Finally, the Gini coefficient, which is one of the common indicators used to measure income distribution, is analyzed and a general view of income distribution in Turkey is presented.