The dairy cattle sector in Türkiye is a strategically important component of animal production and therefore requires the establishment of sustainability in economic, social, and environmental dimensions. While the average lactation yield per cow in European Union countries is approximately 6.5 tons, this value in Türkiye has remained around 3 tons for many years. However, due to the increase in the number of purebred and crossbred cows over the last decade, the average milk yield has improved; in 2012, the yield was 2.5 tons/year, rising to around 3.2 tons/year in 2019. Although this trend is positive in terms of reducing the environmental load, it remains well below EU averages. The main constraints on the sector’s sustainability performance are the small-scale farm structure, high feed costs, fluctuations in raw milk prices, lack of environmental infrastructure, and limited access to modern technology. The inability of small farms to invest in modernization, the rapid increase in feed prices compared to inflation, and the decline in the number of dairy cows threaten the economic sustainability of the sector. From an environmental perspective, manure management and pasture utilization remain significant problems, especially in small-scale farms. To achieve sustainability, it is essential to promote economies of scale through cooperatives and producer organizations, increase forage crop production, expand pasture rehabilitation programs, encourage the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies, and strengthen training and extension activities. Integrated policies in this regard will not only enhance producer welfare but also support the sector’s long-term competitiveness.