This book, which delves deeply into the structural and functional principles of the nervous system, central to human movement and healing potential, aims to bring together theoretical knowledge and clinical practice in neurological rehabilitation on a solid scientific basis. Starting with neuronal structure, the book explores fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms such as synapses, neuroglia, and neuroplasticity, and then outlines the anatomical basis for learning and adaptability, the targets of rehabilitation. It then systematically presents the detailed organization of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brainstem structures responsible for the higher-level control of movement, as well as the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system that transmit these commands. Building on this solid neuroanatomical foundation, the book's clinically focused approach explains common neurological pathologies such as stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease, relating them to the anatomy of the underlying lesion. The final section explains the neurophysiological and anatomical basis of modern rehabilitation techniques such as Neurodevelopmental Therapy (Bobath), PNF, Restrictive Induced Movement Therapy, and robotic rehabilitation, providing a guide to how to translate this knowledge into practice. "Anatomy of Neurological Rehabilitation" will be an indispensable, comprehensive resource for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation students, clinicians, and academics seeking a detailed understanding of the neural control and anatomy of human movement, thereby guiding their recovery processes accordingly.