Hearing loss is a common sensory disorder among adults and has significant negative effects on quality of life, social communication, and occupational productivity. According to the World Health Organization’s 2019 data, approximately one-fifth of the global population experiences some degree of hearing loss. Since adult-onset hearing loss typically progresses slowly, early detection is often delayed, leading to postponed diagnosis and rehabilitation. Adult hearing screening programs play a crucial role in the early identification of individuals at risk, such as those exposed to occupational noise, patients with chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension, and users of ototoxic medications. These programs employ self-report questionnaires, pure-tone screening audiometry, otoacoustic emission tests, and, more recently, tele-audiology applications. In Turkey, adult hearing screenings are mainly conducted within occupational health services, highlighting the need for broader, community-based national programs. Internationally, structured hearing conservation and screening programs—particularly in the United States and Europe—have demonstrated significant success in preventing hearing loss. Technological innovations, including artificial intelligence–assisted methods and mobile-based hearing tests, have further improved accessibility and effectiveness. The implementation of risk-based, personalized screening approaches and the development of standardized national protocols represent essential steps toward the sustainable protection of adult hearing health.