Sport psychology is an important scientific field that examines the psychological processes influencing individuals’ behaviors in sport and physical activity settings. The aim of this study is to address the concepts of personality and motivation within a theoretical framework in the context of sport psychology and to examine the effects of these two variables on athletic behaviors and performance. The chapter discusses, in addition to the Big Five personality traits as fundamental theoretical approaches explaining personality characteristics, the contributions of perfectionism, optimism, mental toughness, and narcissism to athletic performance. By evaluating motivation in sport settings through the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, it is emphasized that both are important on the path toward achieving goals. As a result of the literature review, it is indicated that the concepts of personality and motivation are fundamental concepts in physical education and sport psychology and positively affect performance. In conclusion, it is considered that addressing the concepts of personality and motivation with a holistic approach will provide significant contributions to both theoretical and applied studies in the field of physical education and sport psychology.