Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation (PTR) is a comprehensive health science that offers evidence-based interventions aimed at addressing movement and function losses, increasing physical capacity, and improving quality of life. Research and development (R&D) and innovation activities in the field of PTR encompass the development of new assessment and treatment methods, the systematic investigation of the clinical effectiveness of existing methods, and the integration of technological innovations. R&D studies conducted in PTR increase treatment effectiveness, patient safety, and accessibility by adapting modern technologies such as robotic rehabilitation, artificial intelligence-supported applications, virtual reality, and tele-rehabilitation to clinical applications. R&D and innovation projects carried out in Turkey contribute to both the quality of healthcare services and economic growth through applications such as post-disaster rehabilitation, amputee care, and customized interventions for different patient groups. Historically, from the 19th century to the present, the development of scientifically based treatment methods in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), the establishment of professional associations and academic institutions, interdisciplinary training programs, and the integration of technological innovations have brought the profession to national and international standards. Today, R&D and innovation in PMR contribute to health, education, sports, and society in a multifaceted way through the prevention of chronic diseases, ergonomic arrangements, tele-rehabilitation, and technology-based rehabilitation applications. Furthermore, these processes play a critical role in increasing national and international competitiveness and ensuring the sustainable development of the profession.