Electric vehicles represent a major technological shift in the transportation sector, driven by advancements in electrification and energy systems. This book chapter provides a structured and comprehensive overview of electric vehicles with a primary focus on their technological and energetic dimensions. The chapter begins by outlining the historical development of electric vehicles, followed by a detailed classification of vehicle types, including battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles. The fundamental technical components of electric vehicles are subsequently examined, emphasizing electric motors, power electronics systems, and energy management strategies. Energy storage systems are discussed in detail, covering battery technologies currently used in electric vehicles, battery management systems, and emerging battery technologies that may contribute to improved performance, reliability, and system integration. Finally, future-oriented technological trends are explored with respect to ongoing developments in electrified powertrains, energy storage solutions, and system-level integration. Overall, this chapter aims to present an academically rigorous and up-to-date reference that supports a deeper understanding of electric vehicle technologies and their technological evolution.