This study reviews the strategic and technological applications of boron and its high-performance compounds boron carbide (B₄C), boron nitride (BN), and metal borides (TiB₂, ZrB₂) in composite materials. Boron is a strategic mineral with rich reserves, particularly in Turkey, which holds a near-monopoly position. Boron compounds are among the hardest materials after diamond, significantly enhancing the mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of composites.

The studies demonstrate that B₄C reinforcement substantially increases the hardness of aluminium (Al) matrix composites and provides full protection against Level 4 threats in ballistic armor applications. BN nanotubes and nanosheets exhibit tremendous potential for orthopedic implants, increasing fracture toughness by 86% and hardness by 129% in hydroxyapatite (HA) matrix bio-composites. Common low wettability issues in metal matrix composites (Al/ B₄C) are overcome through surface modification techniques like nickel (Ni) coating, thereby strengthening the matrix-reinforcement interface bond. Furthermore, the high neutron absorption capacity of TiB₂ and B₄C makes them critical for nuclear reactor control rods, while hBN-based coatings significantly improve wear and corrosion resistance. Consequently, boron and its products play a pivotal role in developing next-generation, high-performance materials for industries such as aerospace, defence, and biomedical engineering.