Factors such as the rapidly increasing world population, climate change, and the use of chemicals on agricultural land increase the pressure on natural resources, rendering agricultural areas unusable, and this situation brings smart agriculture applications to the fore as an innovative approach. Smart agriculture refers to the integration of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, robots, drones, artificial intelligence and machine learning, blockchain, big data, and GPS into every stage of the agricultural supply chain. Thanks to these technologies, plant and animal health monitoring, the optimisation of irrigation and fertilisation, the monitoring of diseases and pests, the determination of harvest time, and the traceability of the supply chain can be managed in a more precise and data-driven manner. Smart agriculture applications enable more sustainable farming by increasing agricultural productivity, saving inputs and resources, and reducing negative environmental impacts. Although smart agriculture offers many economic, social, and environmental benefits, it also brings with it certain disadvantages, such as infrastructure deficiencies, the digital divide, cybersecurity and privacy risks, and a lack of qualified labour. Today, countries such as Taiwan, Israel, the Netherlands, the United States, and Japan are successfully implementing smart agriculture. In recent years, smart agriculture applications have also been developed in Turkey through cooperation between the public and private sectors, and the widespread adoption of such practices has been targeted. Accordingly, within the scope of this study, the theoretical framework of smart agriculture will be explained, the main technological components of smart agriculture and the advantages and disadvantages of smart agriculture applications will be discussed, and best-practice examples from around the world and from Turkey will be examined.