The saffron plant is a spice obtained from the dried stigmas of the Crocus sativus flower. It is considered a highly valuable spice in terms of its components. Chemically, it mainly contains three substances: crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal. The use of saffron is not limited to culinary purposes; it is also used in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, and dye industries due to its rich content.

In the food industry, saffron is used to give dishes a bright yellow color and a distinctive flavor. In the field of medicine and pharmacology, it is used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is reported to have natural antidepressant effects. Thanks to these properties, saffron is believed to improve sleep quality and help with appetite control. Saffron is also included in dietary supplements and traditional medicinal products, while its potential effects on cardiovascular health continue to be researched.

In the cosmetics and dye industries, saffron is used for its coloring properties in perfumes, skin creams, skincare serums, and soap making. In the dye industry, it is used to color natural fibers such as silk and wool in vibrant orange and yellow shades, and it is also known to be used in certain special art and calligraphy inks.

Historical sources indicate that the use of saffron dates back to ancient times. Studies show that it was used by the Assyrians in the 7th century BC. In Turkey, saffron is primarily cultivated in Safranbolu, a district of Karabük province, which takes its name from the plant. Besides Safranbolu, it is also grown in provinces such as Eskişehir, Amasya, Tokat (Erbaa), Isparta (Eğirdir), the GAP region (Şanlıurfa), Afyonkarahisar, Edirne, and Konya. The saffron grown in Safranbolu has received geographical indication registration and is considered one of the highest-quality varieties among saffron-producing countries.

Despite its many beneficial properties, saffron is an expensive spice due to the difficulty of its cultivation, which can make it economically challenging for consumers.