The conceptualization of the world system, the intensification of global competitiveness, and the accelerated pace of digitalization have rendered it imperative for organizations to effectively manage both their organizational sustainability and the dynamic transformations occurring within their environments. As a strategic process, change management seeks to facilitate organizational adaptation to environmental restructuring while fostering employee engagement throughout this adaptive process. Within this framework, organizational transformation is conceptualized as a comprehensive renewal process that encompasses not only structural modifications but also the behavioral dimensions of employees, situated within the broader context of cultural and technological advancements. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study is to examine organizational transformation from a theoretical perspective, in conjunction with change management and its fundamental components, by analyzing the factors contributing to success as well as the sources of resistance encountered during the process. The findings suggest that, when integrated with effective change management, organizational transformation—approached holistically—constitutes a critical strategic determinant of sustainable competitiveness.