Current Approaches in Obesity Treatment
Chapter from the book:
Karakurt,
P.
&
Fırat,
M.
(eds.)
2025.
Current Approaches in The Field of Health.
Synopsis
Obesity is a chronic and recurrent disease with a steadily increasing prevalence that is closely associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and endocrine diseases, and it currently represents a significant public health problem. Numerous factors play a role in the development of obesity, including positive energy balance, sedentary lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and gut microbiome; this multifactorial structure complicates the management of the disease. Therefore, obesity should be approached not only as weight gain but as a complex disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
While lifestyle changes form the basis of obesity treatment, they are often insufficient for long-term weight control. At this point, pharmacological treatments, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists, have gained an increasingly important place in treatment algorithms due to their ability to provide meaningful and sustainable weight loss, improve metabolic parameters, and exert cardiovascular protective effects.
Current data show that, with appropriate patient selection and close monitoring, these agents can provide efficacy in obesity management that is comparable to surgery. Bariatric surgery remains the treatment option that provides the highest weight loss and improvement in comorbidities in selected patients.
However, the decision to perform surgery should not be based solely on body mass index; the patient's metabolic status, obesity-related complications, and long-term follow-up options must also be considered.
In conclusion, obesity treatment requires a long-term, multidisciplinary strategy that integrates lifestyle modifications, medical treatment, and surgical approaches in a patient-specific manner.
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