Modern football is characterized by increased match congestion, a high-tempo style of play, and shortened recovery intervals, which have made training planning more scientific and data-driven. Contemporary performance demands in football require the integrated management of repeated sprints, rapid changes of direction, cognitive decision-making, and technical–tactical competencies. Within this framework, training planning is addressed on the basis of the load–recovery–adaptation cycle, organized through a macro–meso–micro periodization approach, and tailored by considering athlete- and position-specific requirements. It is also emphasized that endurance development (aerobic training and HIIT), strength–power–speed development, technical–tactical practices, and game-based models such as small-sided games have the potential to improve physical and cognitive components simultaneously. Moreover, in the context of performance monitoring, the combined evaluation of internal load (e.g., heart rate, RPE, HRV) and external load (e.g., GPS-derived distance, high-speed running, accelerations/decelerations) is regarded as critical for load management, fatigue–recovery tracking, and reducing injury risk. Technology-based analysis tools (GPS, physiological monitoring, video/optical tracking) are reported to support decision-making processes, while artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches are increasingly being used in areas such as performance prediction and injury-risk forecasting. In conclusion, success in modern football is associated with the holistic implementation of scientific planning, continuous monitoring, and data-driven decision-making processes.