The relationship between health and the economy has, for many years, been addressed primarily within the framework of public expenditure and social policy. In recent years, however, global transformations have made it imperative to reconsider both the scope and the depth of this relationship. Mounting fiscal pressures, demographic shifts, technological intensification, and global health shocks have rendered the position of health systems within the broader economic structure increasingly visible and strategically significant.

This study arises from the need to conceptualize health not as a peripheral component of the economic system, but as one of its structural pillars. Health systems are not merely service-providing institutions; they are institutional arrangements that influence productive capacity, fiscal balance, labor productivity, and economic security. Accordingly, the analysis of health economics must move beyond a narrow focus on costs and expenditures and instead be situated within the broader contexts of institutional design, macroeconomic dynamics, and global risk.

The approach adopted throughout this book is grounded in a multilayered analytical framework. Extending from theoretical foundations to empirical evidence, this framework seeks to examine the reciprocal interaction between health and economic performance from a holistic perspective. The fiscal sustainability of health systems, the impact of technological transformation on cost structures, emerging challenges in data governance and regulation, and the economic implications of global health risks are integral components of this comprehensive analysis.

This work positions health economics not merely as an academic field of inquiry, but also as a strategic domain for policy design. Achieving an appropriate balance between efficiency and equity in health policy requires institutional configurations that are consistent with economic structures and administrative capacity. In this regard, the book aims to bridge the gap between theoretical analysis and policy implementation.

The future of health systems is being shaped by uncertainty and transformation. Demographic change, technological innovation, and global risks will continue to expand the analytical boundaries of health economics. This book is written as an effort to understand these transformations and seeks to contribute to a reconsideration of health economics on a global scale.