Patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at high risk of developing nutritional disorders due to increased metabolic demands, inadequate oral intake, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Malnutrition may lead to serious outcomes such as increased infection risk, delayed wound healing, muscle loss, and higher mortality rates. Therefore, timely and appropriate nutritional support constitutes a critical component of the treatment process in critically ill patients. Enteral nutrition is the preferred method when the gastrointestinal system is functional, whereas parenteral nutrition is used when enteral feeding is not feasible or sufficient. Enteral nutrition provides several advantages, including maintaining gastrointestinal integrity, supporting immune function, and preserving intestinal barrier function. However, both enteral and parenteral nutrition practices may be associated with various complications. Gastrointestinal complications such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation may occur, as well as mechanical complications including tube obstruction and aspiration pneumonia. In addition, metabolic disturbances such as hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia are frequently observed in ICU patients. Early recognition and proper management of these complications are essential for improving patient outcomes. Nurses play a key role in monitoring patients’ clinical status, ensuring safe nutritional practices, and preventing potential complications. Effective nursing care is therefore essential for maintaining nutritional balance and improving recovery in critically ill patients.