Postpartum sexuality is conceptualized within a biopsychosocial framework. The postpartum period is a critical phase characterized by the reorganization of physiological, hormonal, psychological, and social systems, during which significant changes in sexual function may occur. Decreased estrogen levels and increased prolactin levels contribute to vaginal dryness, reduced libido, and alterations in the sexual response cycle. In addition, perineal trauma, pelvic floor dysfunction, and postpartum pain are major physiological factors associated with postpartum dyspareunia. From a psychosocial perspective, body image, adaptation to the maternal role, fatigue, sleep deprivation, and postpartum depression significantly influence sexual function. Partner support and effective communication are also key determinants in restoring sexual harmony. In clinical practice, the PLISSIT model provides a structured approach for assessing and managing postpartum sexual problems. The Female Sexual Function Index and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale are recommended tools for comprehensive evaluation.

There is no universal timeframe for resuming sexual activity postpartum; instead, it should be individualized based on physical recovery and psychological readiness.  Interventions such as pelvic floor muscle training, the use of lubricants, and the promotion of emotional intimacy are effective in improving sexual function. In conclusion, postpartum sexuality is a multidimensional process that requires a holistic care approach.