Economic Growth in the Triangle of Digitalization Indicators, Trade Openness, and Employment: An Analysis of Internet-Leading Countries
Chapter from the book: Uçar, M. (ed.) 2026. Growth in the Global Economy: A Macroeconomic Framework.

Mehmet Uçar
Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University

Synopsis

This study investigates the effects of internet usage, mobile phone subscriptions, trade openness, and employment rates on economic growth in the top seven countries in terms of internet usage rate (Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Iceland, Kuwait, Qatar, Luxembourg). Due to data limitations, the analysis period consists of annual data from 2001-2023. Since the estimated model contains autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity issues, the Appropriate Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimator was used. According to the findings from the estimator, all variables are statistically significant. While mobile phone subscriptions negatively affect economic growth, all other variables have a positive effect on economic growth. In this context, it is noteworthy that these countries should prioritize policies that will increase the productive use of mobile phone subscriptions.

How to cite this book

Uçar, M. (2026). Economic Growth in the Triangle of Digitalization Indicators, Trade Openness, and Employment: An Analysis of Internet-Leading Countries. In: Uçar, M. (ed.), Growth in the Global Economy: A Macroeconomic Framework. Özgür Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub1311.c5283

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Published

June 11, 2026

DOI