The healthcare sector is one of the strategic sectors reflecting the economic and social development level of countries, and it is of great importance for healthcare enterprises to maintain a financially sustainable structure. Ratio analysis, which is one of the methods used to evaluate the financial condition of enterprises, enables the assessment of liquidity, operational efficiency, financial structure, and profitability levels. In this chapter, the financial performance of companies operating in the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) healthcare sector is examined through ratio analysis. Within the scope of the study, the financial statements of six healthcare companies, whose financial data were obtained from the Public Disclosure Platform (KAP), were analyzed for the period 2021–2025. Fundamental financial ratios such as the current ratio, liquidity ratio, cash ratio, inventory turnover ratio, asset turnover ratio, financial leverage ratio, equity ratio, net profit margin, and return on assets were employed in the analysis. The findings revealed significant differences among the firms in terms of liquidity, operational efficiency, financial structure, and profitability performance. In particular, while some firms exhibited strong liquidity and equity structures, others demonstrated a more fragile financial position in terms of short-term debt repayment capacity and financial risk. As a result, ratio analysis is considered an effective tool for evaluating the financial performance of healthcare enterprises and provides important information for investors and managers in their decision-making processes.