Orthodontics provides ideal tooth and jaw relations and has important biological effects on the periodontium. Periodontal health should be constantly considered throughout the orthodontic treatment process because changes in the periodontium also directly affect the success of orthodontic treatment.

This chapter will evaluate the effects of orthodontic treatment, different orthodontic movements, and mechanics on periodontal health and will be discussed separately. Also, the methods used to prevent relapse that may occur after orthodontic treatment and their effects on periodontal health will be discussed.

The common result of the studies indicates that orthodontic treatment planning in individuals with periodontal disease should be done carefully and by considering the systemic health of the patient. The success of orthodontic treatment is significantly increased if the above-mentioned points are taken into consideration.

Consequently, a multidisciplinary working environment should be established to reduce the negative effects of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium and to increase the success of treatment.