With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the global shift toward mechanization has significantly increased the demand for energy to sustain modern living and rapid urbanization. From the Industrial Revolution to the present, energy has become a central concern in the pursuit of economic growth and development. In the era of globalization, where nations engage in fierce economic competition to gain prominence in the global economy, ensuring a continuous and reasonably priced energy supply has become a strategic priority for all economies.

From a macroeconomic perspective, energy is a cornerstone of national growth, both in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and broader development. Energy resources—particularly those that are sustainable—are essential to securing long-term economic stability. For nations, meeting energy needs through domestic and renewable sources is crucial to reducing foreign dependency, maintaining the continuity of production and daily life, and safeguarding autonomy in economic initiatives.

To maintain a stable current account balance, countries must reduce their dependence on imports, lower external debt burdens, increase domestic savings, and effectively utilize monetary and fiscal policies. Persistent current account deficits can hinder national development. In countries like Turkey, where the current account deficit remains visibly high, one of the primary contributing factors is the heavy reliance—approximately 70%—on imported energy.

Despite these challenges, Turkey is considered one of the world's more fortunate countries in terms of its access to renewable energy sources. Recognizing and leveraging this energy potential through robust and sustainable policies has become an urgent necessity. In this regard, banks play a critical role. This study examines the energy-related policies and credit support mechanisms of the five largest banks operating in Turkey, with a specific focus on their contributions to the energy economy.