Türkiye and Vietnam are two leading developing countries that have gained greater influence in global trade in recent years. Examining the comparative advantages of these countries in international trade is crucial. This study aims to reveal the export similarities between Türkiye and Vietnam, as well as the product groups in which the two countries have a comparative advantage. To this end, this study comparatively analyzes the competitive advantages of the two countries in 97 product groups from 2001 to 2023. The study found that export similarity between the two countries has generally increased, and they have become competitors. Türkiye has the highest comparative advantage in the "Land Vehicles, Tractors, Bicycle Parts" product group. In contrast, Vietnam has the highest comparative advantage in the "Electrical Machinery and Equipment Parts" product group. Conversely, Türkiye has the most comparative advantage over Vietnam in the "Land Vehicles, Tractors, Bicycle Parts" product group, and the least advantage in the "Electrical Machinery and Equipment Parts" product group. Conversely, the product groups in which the two countries compete most include "hard-shelled fruits," "knitted garments," and "unknitted garments." However, Türkiye's comparative advantage over Vietnam in these product groups has decreased, and Vietnam has become more competitive.