Biomaterials play a fundamental role in periodontal surgery by supporting tissue healing and enhancing the success of regenerative therapies. These materials, derived from both biological and synthetic sources, are widely used as bone grafts and barrier membranes in the treatment of periodontal defects. Their diversity lies in characteristics such as biocompatibility, resorption behavior, mechanical stability, and clinical applicability.

The success of regenerative procedures depends not only on the selected biomaterial but also on defect morphology, surgical technique, and patient-related factors. Current evidence suggests that the use of a single material may offer limited outcomes, whereas the combination of different biomaterials and biological agents tends to provide more predictable and stable results. Thus, careful evaluation of the advantages and limitations of each material is crucial during the clinical decision-making process.

In conclusion, biomaterials represent an indispensable component of periodontal surgery and play a critical role in treatment planning. Proper material selection and application within appropriate clinical protocols directly influence the outcomes of regenerative procedures. Future research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective and reliable biomaterials, thereby enabling higher success rates in periodontal regenerative treatments.