This chapter explores the major conceptual models developed for therapeutic recreation (TR), emphasizing their theoretical foundations, purposes, and areas of application. The scientific and evidence-based practice of TR depends on a comprehensive understanding of these conceptual frameworks. The chapter discusses the Leisure Ability Model, Health Protection/Health Promotion Model, Therapeutic Recreation Service Delivery and Outcome Models, Leisure and Well-Being Model, Self-Determination and Enjoyment Enhancement Model, Optimizing Lifelong Health through Therapeutic Recreation Model (OLH-TR), and Flourishing through Leisure Model. These models aim to enhance individuals’ physical, cognitive, social, and emotional functioning while promoting quality of life, independence, and well-being. The chapter also outlines the stages of evidence-based practice (EBP) in TR and highlights the importance of developing therapeutic recreation education in Turkey. Overall, these models provide both clinical and community-based frameworks for promoting health, participation, and lifelong wellness through leisure.