Migration is a phenomenon that has directly influenced human life and economic activities for centuries. However, studies aimed at understanding the nature of migration remain relatively limited. This study investigates the dynamics of migration for 27 European Union countries through a club convergence analysis covering the period 1960–2024.

According to the findings, eight subgroups exhibiting convergence tendencies were identified. An examination of the dynamics within these groups indicates that geographical conditions and economic factors play a decisive role in net migration movements. It can be inferred that countries located in similar geographical regions and possessing comparable economic indicators tend to display similar patterns in the nature of their net migration movements. This situation suggests that common cooperation opportunities may arise among European Union countries in the field of migration management.