What is the Relationship Between Crohn's Disease and Oxidative Stress?
Chapter from the book:
Meydan,
İ.
&
Demir,
C.
(eds.)
2025.
Health and Biochemistry.
Synopsis
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive disease that causes serious complications. CD is a multifactorial epidemic driven by genetic predispositions and the accumulation of various pathogenic and host risk factors. The prevalence of CD is increasing. Many previous advances have addressed the stability of the manifestations and the occurrence of severe changes secondary to the mutation. It is believed that multiple factors play a role in the pathogenesis, but the exact cause remains elusive. Recent research has focused on the interaction between oxidative stress and its multiple potentials. Oxidative stress is characterized by an imbalance between the large free radicals and the antioxidant defense system. Oxidative stress (OS), an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants within cells, is one of the many factors that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CD. CD develops complexity primarily during its course in approximately two-thirds of patients. Key components present with CD include the development of inflammatory or fibrotic strictures and the development of intra-abdominal or perianal fistulas and abscesses. The expected course of CD can be associated with many deteriorations and possibilities. This study focuses on the characteristics of CD and OS, including insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenemia, obesity, chronic disease, chronic disease, and cancer treatment, and the relationship between CD and OS. It is expected that CD patients exhibit increased oxidative status and inadequate antioxidant status before complications develop. Additionally, free radicals promote cancer development in CD patients. The existence of genetic, epigenetic, and interconnectedness between oxidative stress (OS) and CD, and this relationship, reflects a complex clinical profile. Effective use of antioxidants is essential for the reduction and removal of free oxygen radicals throughout the body. This study summarizes and discusses the role of OS in the pathogenesis of CD, focusing on metabolic, outflow problems, and cancer complications. Despite this access, it is crucial to identify regions at higher risk of progression to clinically relevant complementary factors and to implement aggressive early treatment with biologic agents and immunomodulators, which have the potential to alter the natural history by providing early treatment. In conclusion, the relationship between Crohn's disease (CD) and oxidative stress was examined, and it was concluded that maintaining a healthy diet by consuming adequate antioxidant-containing foods and supplements may help prevent CD.
