Political life in Türkiye exemplifies a system characterized by inter-party conflicts and internal divisions. Within this system, society—polarized along the axes of center–periphery, bureaucracy–bourgeoisie, and left–right since the Ottoman period—has experienced recurring fragmentation. These broader societal cleavages have also manifested as divisions within political groups themselves. The focus of this study is the divisions observed within right-wing parties in the context of these societal polarizations. The study is limited to the period between 1960 and 1980. This research examines the factionalism and fragmentation within the Justice Party (Adalet Partisi), the National Salvation Party (Milli Selamet Partisi), and the Republican Peasants' Nation Party (Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi). Following the military intervention of 27 May 1960, the Justice Party was established as the successor to the Democrat Party (Demokrat Parti), incorporating its social base. The Nation Party (Millet Partisi), which merged with the Peasants' Party, became—under the leadership of Alparslan Türkeş—the representative of the nationalist right. The National Outlook Movement (Milli Görüş Hareketi), led by Necmettin Erbakan, gained traction particularly among traditionalist and religious segments of society. These right-wing political orientations collectively contributed to a deeper societal polarization. The aim of this study is to analyze the divisions that emerged within right-wing parties between 1960 and 1980 through the lens of Hannah Arendt’s theory of the seven cleavages. Employing a qualitative research design, the study utilizes descriptive analysis of scholarly works such as articles, books, and conference papers. The findings reveal that divisions within right-wing parties contributed to political instability, escalated terrorism, and societal fragmentation during this period. The military intervention of 12 September 1980 brought this era to an end. Thus, the period that began with the military coup of 27 May 1960 concluded with the second intervention on 12 September 1980.