Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm, is one of the most widespread nematode infections in the world. Although it is found in many regions of the world, it has a higher prevalence in temperate climates and areas with poor sanitation. It is a monoxenous parasite, meaning it has only one host, humans. Enterobius vermicularis lives in the colon, and female parasites migrate toward the anus, laying approximately 10,000 eggs around the anal area. The migration of the parasite to the anal region and the sticky nature of the eggs cause irritation and itching in the anal area.  The disease can be transmitted through direct contact with parasite eggs, indirect contact with contaminated objects, or self-infection (autoinfection). Parasite eggs that accumulate under the nails are among the most important factors responsible for both autoinfection and transmission of the disease to other individuals. This parasite, defined as an intra-family infection, is seen in all age groups, but children are the most affected age group. The most important clinical symptom of the disease is anal itching. The female parasite lays eggs in the anal area at night, causing intense itching and potentially leading to sleep disturbances in patients. In addition, restlessness, irritability, teeth grinding, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, and developmental delay in children may be observed. It is a treatable disease. However, due to reinfection or autoinfection, the disease can become a chronic recurrent infection. Personal hygiene should be maintained to prevent reinfection. Due to the high risk of transmission, if one family member is infected, the likelihood of other family members becoming infected is also quite high. Therefore, it is recommended that all family members be treated simultaneously.