Basketball is a multidimensional sport that integrates high-intensity sprints, rapid changes of direction, jumps, physical contact, and complex decision-making processes. Due to this dynamic nature, player performance depends not only on technical skills but also on movement efficiency, energy system adaptations, and neuromuscular capacity. Movement science enables the analysis of athletes in terms of biomechanical alignment, motor control, joint stability, and kinetic/kinematic parameters, while training science focuses on systematically developing the strength, speed, endurance, and plyometric adaptations required to support these demands. In modern basketball, a holistic integration of these two fields has become increasingly important to optimize performance and reduce injury risk. Today, technologies such as force platforms, IMU sensors, GPS/LPS-based tracking systems and muscle oxygenation (NIRS) monitoring tools allow for precise observation of athletes loading profiles and physiological responses. This chapter explains the fundamental principles of movement and training science in basketball, discussing biomechanical parameters, physiological adaptations, training models, load management, fatigue monitoring, performance analysis, and injury prevention strategies in light of current scientific evidence. Additionally, it addresses physiological differences between male and female basketball players and examines the contrasting profiles of youth and elite athletes.