Phytochemicals from plants offer considerable potential for bone cancer treatment because of their anticancer properties. Their clinical effectiveness is frequently restricted by low bioavailability, systemic distribution, and quick elimination. This review focuses on plant protein-based drug delivery systems engineered for the controlled and targeted release of phytochemicals, specifically in bone tissue applications. These systems, prized for their biocompatibility and ability to break down naturally, provide dual functionality as both drug delivery systems and regenerative platforms.

Natural biopolymers like silk fibroin, sisal fibers, and bamboo fibers, in addition to widely used plant proteins such as soy, zein, and gliadin, are receiving increasing attention. Silk fibroin aids in the adhesion and growth of bone cells, whereas sisal and bamboo fibers provide mechanical strength and the potential for bone growth, suggesting that they could be effective in bone-regenerative treatments. These materials can be developed into carriers of various micro/nano-scale dimensions, allowing for both sustained release and bone healing.

The review also emphasizes key mechanisms such as post-implantation bone-targeted delivery, enhanced osteoconductivity, localized delivery of anticancer drugs, and bioactive surface modifications. In contrast to conventional synthetic polymers, these natural biomaterials display reduced toxicity, environmentally friendly manufacturing processes, and compatibility with the structural framework of bone microenvironments.

In conclusion, biomaterials based on plant protein and fiber exhibit significant potential as dual-functional systems for the controlled release of phytochemicals and the regeneration of bone tissue in the context of bone cancer treatment.