Vital pulp treatments (VPT) are minimally invasive approaches in endodontics that focus on the preservation of biological tissue. The aim of these methods is to maintain the natural structure and biomechanical durability of the tooth by maintaining the vitality of the pulp tissue. From the endodontist's perspective, success is closely related to correct diagnosis, appropriate material selection, patient compliance and regular follow-up processes.

VPT modalities include direct pulp cover, partial pulpotomy and full pulpotomy. Careful evaluation of indications and contraindications plays a decisive role in the clinical decision process. Protection of the pulp, especially in young permanent teeth, is critical for the completion of root development.

Nowadays, calcium silicate-based biomaterials, especially MTA, Biodentine and bioceramics, come to the forefront in VPT thanks to their high biocompatibility and dentin bridge formation capacity. Elimination of symptoms, preservation of periapical health and dentin bridge formation in clinical and radiographic follow-up are the main criteria for evaluating the success of treatment.

The advantages of VPT include preservation of the tooth structure, shorter procedure time and cost effectiveness. However, diagnostic uncertainties, control of pulp haemorrhage, material cost and patient compliance are the main difficulties encountered in practice.

In the future, new biomaterials, regenerative approaches and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic methods will increase the predictability and clinical success of VPT. In conclusion, VPT are becoming increasingly important in modern endodontics by offering a biologically based alternative to root canal treatment.