Cancer has remained a significant health problem throughout human history. Despite advances in modern medicine, it remains a leading cause of death, particularly in developed countries. For example, in the United States, cancer accounts for approximately 23% of all deaths. These rates clearly demonstrate the importance of this disease to public health. The term cancer describes a broad group of pathological disorders characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of specific cell groups in the body and their invasion of surrounding tissues. This uncontrolled proliferation develops as a result of disruption of the normally tightly regulated cell cycle through various molecular mechanisms. Normal cells balance processes such as growth, proliferation, and apoptosis through genetically regulated mechanisms. Disruptions in the cell life cycle lead to a loss of genetic stability and initiate the process of tumor formation. Ovarian cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among gynecological malignancies and is most often diagnosed in advanced stages. One of the main reasons for this is that the disease presents with vague, nonspecific symptoms in its early stages. This clinical uncertainty complicates early diagnosis and leads most patients to seek medical attention in the metastatic stage. Histopathologically, approximately 80% to 90% of ovarian cancers are epithelial carcinomas, which originate from the surface epithelium of the ovary. Diagnosing the disease at an advanced stage significantly reduces treatment response rates and long-term survival. Indeed, the 5-year survival rate in cases diagnosed at an advanced stage ranges from 30% to 40%, and cure is quite limited. Ovarian cancer is a group of malignant diseases characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation that occurs in the ovaries, a key organ of the female reproductive system. This type of cancer, which exhibits a clinically heterogeneous structure, often follows an insidious course and often presents no symptoms in the early stages. Therefore, most cases are already in an advanced stage by the time they are diagnosed. According to epidemiological data, ovarian cancer is the 18th most common cancer type worldwide and the 8th most common malignancy in women. Statistics in Turkey reflect a similar picture, reporting it as the 7th most common malignancy among women.