Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and continues to represent a major public health concern. The increasing global incidence and mortality rates highlight the necessity of implementing effective early detection and screening programs. Early detection of breast cancer is achieved through breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination, and mammography; regular and correct use of these methods contributes to improved survival rates and treatment outcomes. Midwives working in primary health care settings play a critical role in promoting breast cancer awareness, encouraging early detection behaviors, and facilitating participation in screening programs, as they maintain continuous and direct contact with women. The literature indicates that both practicing midwives and midwifery students generally possess an adequate level of knowledge regarding breast cancer; however, this knowledge does not consistently translate into regular and sustainable early detection behaviors, particularly BSE practices. Studies grounded in the Health Belief Model emphasize that psychosocial factors such as perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, motivation, and self-efficacy significantly influence BSE behaviors. this context, midwifery students represent a particularly important group, as the health behaviors acquired during their professional training may shape their future clinical practices and community-based health education efforts. In conclusion, interventions aimed at improving BSE practices among midwives and midwifery students should extend beyond knowledge-based education and incorporate approaches that strengthen self-efficacy, support behavior change, and include practical, skill-based training. Such comprehensive educational strategies are expected to contribute to the wider adoption of early detection behaviors at the community level and ultimately to the reduction of breast cancer–related mortality.