Midwifery services are not limited to the birth process alone; they also play an important role in protecting the health of mothers and newborns and strengthening public health. In Turkey, the midwifery profession has developed in parallel with structural changes in the healthcare system over time and has acquired an institutional character. Today, midwives work in various service areas in both public and private healthcare institutions. This process has contributed to the midwifery profession being viewed not only as a birth-focused practice but also as a healthcare service with a strong preventive, educational, and advisory aspect. This section examines the organizational structure of midwifery services in Turkey and compares practices in the public and private sectors. It evaluates how the duties and responsibilities of midwives have changed over time in line with current legislation and health policies, and explains the position of the midwifery profession within the health system. While the public sector emphasizes a widespread and planned structure for service delivery and a community-oriented approach, the private sector focuses on more flexible service models, an individual-centered care approach, and the impact of midwife-led practices on professional practice. At the same time,, working conditions, and roles of midwives in both sectors and their impact on service delivery are discussed. While accessibility and safe care provided by regular and standardized practices in the public sector were emphasized, a more flexible, individual- and woman-centered approach to care was evaluated in the private sector. Overall, it was concluded that the balanced planning of midwifery services in the public and private sectors contributes to improving the quality of care and supporting professional development.