This book chapter examines the position of visual training within sports science, focusing on the perceptual and cognitive dimensions of athletic performance. It emphasizes the crucial role of an athlete's capacity to perceive, process, and produce appropriate motor responses to environmental information within the multidimensional structure of athletic performance. Theoretical and empirical findings highlight the direct relationship between visual perception, visual attention, gaze control, and perceptual decision-making processes and performance in sports requiring overt skills. In this context, the theoretical foundations of visual training are explained, and its effects on athletic performance are evaluated in light of current scientific studies.