The acceleration of digital transformation in financial services has expanded the scope and accessibility of banking activities while significantly increasing exposure to cyber risks. The proliferation of transactions conducted through digital channels has elevated cyber risks beyond purely technical security concerns, transforming them into a threat area capable of affecting financial stability and user confidence. This study examines the concepts of cyber risk, cyber threat, and cybersecurity from a financial system perspective. It focuses on the types of cyber threats encountered in the banking sector and the risks arising from these threats within a conceptual framework. The analysis highlights the effects of cyber threats on operational continuity, data integrity, and payment systems in the banking sector and discusses the importance of cybersecurity for the reliability of the financial system. The study also evaluates cybersecurity- and cyber resilience–oriented regulatory approaches developed by international organizations and examines how these approaches are reflected in national regulations governing the banking sector in Türkiye. The findings indicate that cybersecurity should be regarded not only as a regulatory compliance issue for financial institutions, but also as a critical trust factor with direct consequences for individuals and businesses using digital financial services.