Neurosurgery is a medical specialty with a high risk of complications due to the complexity of anatomical structures and the need for advanced technology[1]. Therefore, the early detection, prevention, and treatment of complications constitute the fundamental aspects of nursing care. Complications are classified according to the intraoperative period, the immediate postoperative period, and the late postoperative period, and they vary depending on factors such as the characteristics of the surgical procedure, anesthesia, the patient’s systemic condition, and the nursing care process. Risk assessment is determined by the interaction between patient-specific factors, surgical characteristics, and the quality of care.

Within the modern nursing approach, nurses play an active role throughout the entire process, ranging from preoperative education and preparation to maintaining sterility and positioning during surgery; monitoring and evaluating blood flow, blood pressure, and oxygen delivery; and postoperative care, including the monitoring of vital signs, neurological assessment, wound and drain care, pain reduction and management, and promoting early mobilization. In this process, nurses assume an indispensable role in the implementation of evidence-based care approaches such as Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols[2].

In the postoperative period, complications such as neurological disorders, respiratory and circulatory problems, infections, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, psychological sequelae, and electrolyte imbalances are managed by healthcare professionals through systematic monitoring, adherence to sterile techniques, active use of technological monitoring tools, and teamwork. In this context, interdisciplinary collaboration and a patient safety–oriented approach play a crucial role in the prevention of complications and the success of treatment.