Supply chain fragility and resilience have become increasingly critical concepts for the sustainability and competitiveness of the global economic system. Rising geopolitical tensions, the growing frequency of natural disasters, global pandemics, energy crises, and market volatility reveal the extent to which supply networks remain vulnerable to shocks, while simultaneously demonstrating that resilience capacity constitutes a strategic pillar for both economic stability and societal well-being. In this context, identifying the sources of fragility, detecting bottlenecks, and strengthening adaptive and recovery capacities are not only essential for firms but also central to national and regional policy agendas. The effective design of such policies requires that countries define, measure, compare, and continuously monitor their supply chain resilience through clearly established indicators and analytical tools. This book chapter provides an in-depth examination of the report “Supply Chain Resilience Review: Navigating Risks” published for OECD member states, discussing in detail its conceptual framework, methodological approaches, performance metrics, and measurement dimensions related to supply chain vulnerability. The chapter further evaluates Türkiye’s position among OECD countries in terms of supply chain resilience, analysing the country’s structural strengths, key challenges, and areas requiring improvement from an analytical perspective. This comprehensive assessment aims to enhance awareness of supply chain resilience at national and international levels, strengthen evidence-based evaluation frameworks, and contribute to informed policy-making processes. Ultimately, the study provides valuable insights for developing more resilient, sustainable, and competitive supply chain ecosystems capable of withstanding internal and external shocks.