The rapid advancement of technology has led to significant transformations in the workplace, with wearable technologies emerging as one of the most influential innovations. Wearable technologies contribute to a proactive approach in occupational health and safety (OHS) by enabling real-time monitoring of workers’ physiological and environmental data. This study examines the functions, applications, advantages, and limitations of wearable technologies within the OHS framework through a comprehensive literature review. Findings indicate that devices such as sensor-based gloves, smart garments, belts, smartwatches, and augmented reality glasses play a crucial role in protecting employees’ physical and psychological well-being. Moreover, these technologies help reduce workplace accidents, minimize ergonomic risks, and enhance job performance. However, continuous monitoring of personal data may cause privacy concerns and psychological pressure among employees. In conclusion, wearable technologies are effective tools that enhance occupational safety, but their implementation should be guided by ethical, legal, and data protection principles. Therefore, in an era of accelerated digital transformation, it is recommended to develop human-centered technological integration strategies that prioritize employee well-being and data security.