Transhumanism is based on the idea that through the modification of human biology and mental faculties, human beings' pain and suffering can be reduced and their welfare can be established. However, there are several issues with this ideal. First, transhumanism ignores the importance of the fundamental question: What is a human being? The concept of "human being" is also another important point in this philosophical investigation. Secondly, through the hypothetical improvements on the human body and mind, transhumanists focus on predominantly material aspects of human nature. Finally, in transhumanist discourse, there is not a clear distinction between the concepts of "requirement" and "value." Therefore, I want to analyze and criticize these points from the standpoint of a contemporary philosophical perspective: Anthropontology. Betül Çotuksöken's idea of anthropontology (anthropological ontology), as a contemporary discourse in philosophical anthropology, argues that ontological investigations must begin with an anthropological standpoint. In order to do that, Çotuksöken chooses epistemology over ontology and suggests epistemology as a method through the analysis of human concepts on a nominalist basis. This method enables one to investigate the concepts relating to human nature in terms of both scientific and cultural/linguistic/social perspectives. The concepts this method has been applied to are also attuned to the wider range of conceptual schemes in terms of philosophy. Thereby, in this study, I am going to evaluate issues I have mentioned from the perspective of anthropontology. My aim will be to focus on the concept of "human being" and the fundamental question of "What is a human being?"