The chapters published in this book encompass studies covering all scientific disciplines that define the field of engineering, as well as those defining the natural and fundamental sciences—geology, biology, zoology, physics, chemistry, and mathematics—including theoretical and applied scientific findings, particularly those with an artificial intelligence module. Engineering and natural sciences are, in fact, two fundamental disciplines of science with quite different focuses.

Natural sciences deal with the formation and vital processes of our world, attempting to unravel this natural process by observing, experimenting, and ultimately developing theoretical theories to discover the rules governing our world (and, if necessary, the universe). Geology, biology, zoology, mathematics, physics, and chemistry can be classified as fundamental areas of focus.

Engineering sciences, on the other hand, deal with explaining and applying how this knowledge can be used for the benefit of humanity. From this perspective, engineering sciences are essentially the field of application and implementation of natural sciences, applied sciences, life sciences, and fundamental sciences. It aims to produce all kinds of structures, machines, and systems related to economical and safe human life using scientific principles.