Tax planning is a practice aimed at reducing tax burdens within the framework of existing legislation in order to lower costs and enhance the financial performance of businesses. At the micro level, strategies such as income deferral, expense enhancement, depreciation methods, and capital structure decisions become prominent, while at the macro level, the effects on the functioning of tax systems become more apparent. However, the expansion of tax planning practices raises various discussions in terms of tax justice and ethical principles. This study aims to analyze the effects of tax planning on the profitability and financial structure of businesses and to evaluate the legal and ethical boundaries of such practices. The findings indicate that tax planning is an effective instrument for reducing costs and improving financial performance, provided that it is conducted in compliance with legal regulations and ethical considerations.