The contemporary business ecosystem is undergoing a rapid transformation driven by globalization, digitalization, and sustainability-oriented approaches, which have significantly reshaped organizational management practices and employee behaviors. Environmental responsibility and sustainability have evolved beyond regulatory compliance to become a strategic imperative for organizations. Green organizational behavior, defined as employees’ environmentally responsible attitudes and behaviors, has therefore emerged as a critical factor in achieving organizational sustainability goals.

This chapter aims to examine the concept of green organizational behavior from the perspective of the changing business ecosystem within a conceptual framework, to evaluate the organizational factors influencing its emergence, and to discuss its organizational and societal outcomes. The chapter first addresses the concept of the business ecosystem and analyzes the effects of globalization, digitalization, and sustainability dynamics on organizations. The definition, scope, and types of green organizational behavior are subsequently examined, with particular emphasis on the role of leadership approaches, organizational culture, corporate values, and organizational support mechanisms in fostering green behaviors. The transformation of green organizational behavior from compliance-driven practices to a strategic and internalized organizational value is also explained.

The findings indicate that green organizational behaviors positively influence organizational performance, competitive advantage, and corporate reputation in the evolving business ecosystem. Leadership practices, a supportive organizational culture, and sustainability-oriented management approaches play a critical role in the institutionalization of green organizational behaviors. Green organizational behavior has become a strategic component in achieving sustainability goals and an essential element of long-term organizational success. The chapter contributes conceptually to the green organizational behavior literature and provides practical implications for developing sustainability-oriented management practices.