The Transformation of Government Systems in Turkish Constitutional History within the Framework of the Tendency to Strengthen the Executive: The Transformation of the Executive's Regulatory Power
Chapter from the book:
Özden,
Y.
(ed.)
2026.
Democratization Processes in Turkish Political Life.
Synopsis
This chapter examines the transformation of government systems in Turkish constitutional history through the tendency to strengthen the executive and the evolution of the executive's regulatory power. The Constitutions of 1876, 1921, 1924, 1961, and 1982 are analyzed as distinct periods, with particular attention to the nature of the political regime, the structure of the government system, and the way legislative-executive relations shaped rule-making authority. The main argument is that Turkish constitutional history should be read not only through changes in government systems but also through the gradual expansion of the executive's normative sphere. Within this framework, the chapter discusses the trajectory from constitutional monarchy to the assembly government system, the mixed model, parliamentary government, and finally to constitutional arrangements in which the executive became increasingly dominant. It also shows how the relationship between the legislature as the primary lawmaker and the executive as a derivative regulatory actor changed over time through provisional laws, bylaws, regulations, decree-laws, and constitutional amendments. In this way, the tension between democratization and executive aggrandizement in Turkish political life is analyzed from the perspectives of constitutional law and political science.
