Knowledge of neuroendocrinology is vital in neurosurgery. In fact, today the role of neurosurgeons should not be limited to performing surgeries in the sella and parasellar regions, but should also include diagnosing endocrine disorders such as pituitary gland diseases, determining the most appropriate treatment plan, deciding on ideal pre- and post-operative care, and planning the long-term management of the disease.

Advances in the management of endocrine disorders caused by other neurosurgical conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and pituitary tumors (prolactinoma, growth hormone adenoma) have inevitably led to improved survival rates. The increased focus on quality of life has led to the realization that neurosurgical conditions are frequently complicated by neuroendocrine dysfunction. This dysfunction can occur due to neurological damage or the effects of postoperative fluid management or cranial radiation.

Endocrinology specialists have traditionally been consulted regarding neuropituitary complications of TBh and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Furthermore, the management of diabetes insipidus (DI) and hyponatremia during the recovery period after pituitary surgery has long been a part of endocrinologists' workload. However, recent research has shown that the adenohypophysis is also vulnerable to damage and dysfunction after a wide variety of neurosurgical events not traditionally associated with pituitary gland involvement.

Sensitive attention to endocrine imbalances before and after pituitary adenoma surgery, a frequently performed procedure in neurosurgical practice, is of paramount importance for both patients and neurosurgeons.