The impact of environmental problems triggered by global climate change is becoming increasingly visible. In particular, disaster news and crisis scenarios circulated through the media have begun to form a regular part of individuals’ lives. The growing uncertainty associated with these developments, along with the anxiety and worry they provoke, makes the search for solutions inevitable at both the individual and societal levels. In this context, eco-anxiety has emerged as a concept describing a state of distress characterized by pessimism and unease, shaped by perceptions of uncertainty and threat regarding the environmental future of the planet. As with anxiety in general, a concept primarily rooted in psychology, individuals may be motivated to take preventive action to alleviate distress and reduce uncertainty about the future. Given that consumption patterns are a major driver of the current environmental crisis, examining the relationship between eco-anxiety and sustainable consumption is particularly important. This study explores the relationship between eco-anxiety and sustainable consumption, discussing whether such anxiety functions as a barrier to or a facilitator of sustainable behaviors. The findings suggest that when experienced at manageable levels and appropriately channeled, eco-anxiety can contribute to promoting sustainable consumption practices. However, when experienced at excessive and uncontrolled levels, eco-anxiety may trigger inaction and avoidance behaviors, thereby indirectly hindering efforts to address environmental problems.