Chatbots and virtual assistants are playing increasingly effective roles in the transformation of online education. Thus, they are becoming an important tool in supporting students and maintaining their motivation to learn. These artificial intelligence-based technologies stand out with their ability to provide instant assistance in online learning environments, offer individualised support and create scalable communication opportunities. One of the most striking features is that they provide 24/7 rapid response to student questions, responding to the needs of students in a timely manner and reducing the burden on instructors. These tools can make learning processes more effective by analysing students' learning styles and producing personalised content and feedback. In addition, they support students' time management through homework reminders and quick feedbacks and provide regularity in learning processes. In order to increase social interaction, student communities and participation in the online learning process, chat bots offer interaction opportunities through social messages and individual incentives. There is evidence that the use of these technologies in online education has positive effects on student motivation and course completion rates. However, the use of these tools brings along some serious problems. Limited human interaction, the risk of providing inaccurate information, privacy violations and the need for constant updating are among the main challenges faced by these technologies. In order for such digital solutions to be effective, it offers strategic recommendations such as setting clear goals, analysing student needs well, selecting appropriate technologies, designing user-friendly interfaces, complying with the principle of transparency, providing human support, personalising the tools and increasing interaction. In conclusion, although chatbots have the potential to enhance online learning experiences, they need to be well designed and recognised for their limitations in order to be used successfully and ethically.