This study examines the strategic management dimension of digital transformation in public administration through a comparative perspective between Turkey and the European Union (EU). Digitalization stands out as an important governance tool that enhances the effectiveness, transparency, and accountability of public institutions. The study discusses the conceptual foundations of strategic management, reveals the reflections of digital transformation on public administration, and conducts a comparative analysis based on Turkey’s National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2021–2025) and the EU’s Digital Compass (2021–2030). The main aim of the study is to clarify the relationship between digitalization and strategic management and to evaluate the effects of AI-supported policies on governance processes in public administration. In this context, a SWOT analysis is used to identify the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Turkey and the EU. The study concludes that a strategic management perspective plays a critical role in ensuring the sustainability of digital transformation policies and emphasizes that AI-based applications in public administration should be addressed not only from a technical but also from a managerial and ethical standpoint.