Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is a management approach that aims to achieve radical improvements in efficiency, quality, speed, and cost by fundamentally redesigning existing business processes. Developed by Hammer and Champy in the 1990s, this concept aims to transform not only processes but also corporate culture, leadership, and customer focus. Today, reengineering is integrated with digital transformation, facilitating organizations to achieve competitive advantage. Particularly in the healthcare sector, process reengineering combined with electronic record systems, artificial intelligence-based decision support tools, and digital automation applications offers significant contributions to improving service quality, reducing error rates, and optimizing resource utilization. Many institutions in the public and private sectors in Turkey have achieved their digitalization and sustainable performance management goals by adopting this approach. Reengineering remains crucial as a strategic tool for building agile, data-driven, and innovative organizational structures in the digital age.