This chapter examines how fundamental cognitive psychology processes (perception, memory, attention, decision-making) are shaped by gender. Based on the conceptual distinction between biological sex and social gender, the chapter critically evaluates the discourse of "difference" in cognitive abilities in light of meta-analysis findings, revealing that these differences are largely exaggerated and have diminished over time. How the mind is "gendered" through gender schemas is explained via fundamental theories such as social learning theory, gender schema theory (Bem), and performativity (Butler). The chapter details the concrete effects of these schemas on cognitive functions like attention, memory, language use, problem-solving, and social judgment, and how they lead to biases such as attribution errors. Furthermore, it highlights how the "stereotype threat" mechanism negatively affects women's cognitive performance situationally, creating an illusion of an artificial ability gap. By also referencing relevant studies in Turkey, it is concluded that cognitive processes are not neutral and serve as "invisible" mechanisms that reproduce and legitimize existing gender inequalities.